Project Title: Off-Station barley variety performance trials in Central Montana – CARC
Project Leader: Jed Eberly Assistant Professor
Project Personnel: Jamie Sherman MAES barley breeder, Bozeman
Liz Elmore MAES Res. Assoc. barley breeder, Bozeman
Eva Magnuson Research Associate, CARC Moccasin
Jenni Hammontree Research Assistant, CARC Moccasin
Cooperators: Chuck Davis Geraldine
Richard Barber Denton
Andy and Ron Long Highwood
Objectives:
Identify top performing spring barley cultivars in central Montana.
Methods:
On-farm spring barley variety performance trials were conducted on chemical fallow or minimal
tillage during 2018 at Moccasin, Geraldine, Denton, and Highwood. Trials consisted of both
named varieties of barley and additional experimental lines. Each variety was seeded in three 5
row, 5 x 16-foot plots in a randomized experimental design. Seeding dates were April 18 at
Moccasin, April 19, at Highwood, and May 4 at Denton. Starter fertilizer, 20-30-20-10 NPKS, was
applied at seeding at a rate of 50 lb/ac. Broadleaf and grass weeds were controlled with a
burndown of glyphosate at 1.25 pt/ac prior to planting. All plots were trimmed to a harvest length
of approximately 12 feet and harvested with a small plot combine. Plots were harvested on August
21 at Moccasin, August 16 at Denton, and August 22 at Highwood.
Results:
Above-average precipitation (132% of 109-yr average) and cooler-than-average temperatures
(0.7°F below 107-yr average) characterized the 2018 crop year at the Central Ag Research Center
(CARC), leading to strong yields for both winter and spring crops. Winter crops took advantage
of above-average precipitation from October through March (167%), while both winter and spring
crops benefited from higher-than-average growing degree days (124%) and precipitation (146%)
in the month of May. The last recorded temperature below 32°F was observed on 2 May (25 days
earlier than the long-term average) while the first recorded temperature below 32°F in fall was
observed 28 August (10 days earlier than the long-term average), equating to a frost free period
of 118 days, or 105% of the 107-yr average.
Average yields were 52.5 bu/ac at Moccasin, 48.6 bu/ac at Denton and 93.0 bu/ac at Geraldine.
The trial at Highwood was terminated in early summer due to excessive volunteer spring wheat
growth in the plots. Average protein ranged from 10.5% at Geraldine to 8.6% at Denton. Protein
had not yet been measured for Moccasin at the time of this report. Average plump kernel
percentage was 81.9% at Moccasin, 85.1% at Denton to 82.7% at Geraldine.
Summary:
While July and August, experienced lower rainfall than average, above average rainfall in May
and June led to better than average yields at many of the test locations. Agronomic performance
was evaluated for 49 barley varieties and experimental lines. The average yield for all barley
varieties at Moccasin was 52.9 bu/ac and differences in yield was not significant between
varieties.
Table 1: Observed air temperature, growing degree days, and precipitation summarized by month with long-term averages and
anomalies (Δ), 2018 crop year.
MONTH
- - AIR TEMPERATURE - -
- -GROWING DEGREE DAYS- -
- - PRECIPITATION - -
1912-2018 2018 Δ 1912-2018 2018 Δ 1910-2018 2018 Δ
----------------(°F)---------------
----------------(GDD
32
)-------------
-------------(in)-------------
September
54.9
55.9
1
719
24.1
1.4
2.6
1.2
October
44.9
43.1
-1.8
414.5
-44.3
0.9
0.6
-0.3
November
32.9
32.5
-0.4
214.5
-12.5
0.6
1.2
0.6
December
24.9
23.1
-1.8
137.5
1.2
0.5
0.9
0.4
January
21.8
25.2
3.4
127.8
8.8
0.5
0.3
-0.3
February
24.7
13
-11.7
23
-100.6
0.5
1.8
1.4
March
30.6
31.8
1.2
151
-44.5
0.7
1.5
0.8
April
40.8
37.2
-3.6
285.5
-58.2
1.2
1.2
0
May
50.2
55
4.8
715
139.3
2.6
3.8
1.2
June
57.9
58.5
0.6
796
19.3
3.1
4.5
1.4
July
66
65.5
-0.5
1039.5
-10.9
1.6
1.1
-0.5
August
65
65.6
0.6
1034.5
15.5
1.6
0.8
-0.8
Avg/Tot
42.90
42.20
-0.7
5720.60
5657.80
-62.80
15.30
20.30
5.00
Table 2: Barley variety trial at Moccasin, MT.
CULTIVAR
YEAR OF
SOURCE
HEADING
HEIGHT
TEST
- - - - - - - - - GRAIN YIELD - - - - - - - - -
Plumps
RELEASE
DATE
WT
2016
2017
2018
AVG
(jul)
(in)
(lb/bu)
-------------------- (bu/ac) --------------------
%
AAC Connect
2016
Meridian
186.0
21.3
56.0
47.7
47.7
78.2
Champion
2007
Wesbread
187.0
21.7
57.0
57.6
38.3
50.5
48.8
70.2
Haxby
2003
-
183.0
21.3
56.6
60.0
34.3
49.9
48.1
56.6
Hockett
2008
MAES
187.0
22.3
56.6
59.3
34.8
52.6
48.9
82.9
Merit 57
-
-
188.0
21.3
56.2
52.2
28.8
53.9
45.0
75.3
Metcalfe
-
Canada
184.0
21.7
56.0
48.4
36.9
45.7
43.7
74.5
Opera
-
-
187.0
18.7
54.8
62.3
62.3
61.0
Sienna
-
-
187.0
22.0
55.5
61.4
61.4
81.1
Mean
183.7
22.2
56.2
48.1
34.3
52.5
81.9
CV%
1.9
6.7
1.7
-
15.8
11.5
8.4
LSD
N.S.
2.4
1.5
-
N.S.
9.7
11.1
P-Value
0.0410
<0.0001
<0.0001
-
0.5901
<0.0001
<0.0001
Bold = top performer(s)
Bold
= statistically equivalent to top performer(s)
Fisher's protected LSD not significant when CV% > 15 (YIELD only) and/or P-Value > 0.05
Table 3: Barley variety trial at Denton, MT.
CULTIVAR
YEAR OF
SOURCE
HEIGHT
TEST
PROTEIN
- - - - - - GRAIN YIELD - - - - - -
PLUMPS
RELEASE WT 2017 2018 Avg
(in)
(lb/bu)
%
--------------- (bu/ac) ---------------
%
AAC Connect
2016
Meridian
24.0
54.3
8.3
48.9
48.9
89.6
Accordine
22.3
56.1
8.2
58.6
58.6
78.7
Balster
25.0
55.1
9.0
27.5
55.3
41.4
85.4
Bill Coors 100
20.7
54.2
9.0
19.4
46.3
32.9
77.3
Bow
2014
CDC
25.3
54.4
8.5
37.3
37.3
87.1
Champion
2007
24.0
56.4
9.0
32.6
46.7
39.7
78.3
Conrad
2007
24.3
55.2
9.0
30.1
48.6
39.4
92.1
Copeland
23.7
54.5
8.3
10.4
43.1
26.8
91.5
Esma
21.7
54.6
7.8
50.1
50.1
79.6
Fraser
2015
CDC
23.0
54.5
8.9
49.1
49.1
82.2
Genie
22.0
55.8
7.9
50.6
50.6
72.8
Growler
23.7
53.7
8.7
50.7
50.7
88.7
Haxby
2003
MAES
24.0
57.0
8.9
31.9
55.5
43.7
87.9
Haybet
1989
MAES/USDA
27.7
55.0
10.0
29.1
45.1
37.1
80.4
Hays
2003
MAES
24.7
54.5
8.8
26.0
49.0
37.5
93.7
Hockett
2008
MAES
24.3
56.6
8.2
30.6
51.3
41.0
90.3
Lavina
1989
MAES/USDA
26.0
54.3
9.2
27.5
54.5
41.0
80.6
Merit 57
23.3
54.7
8.2
22.9
50.0
36.5
74.6
Metcalfe
Canada
24.3
57.0
8.9
31.6
45.2
38.4
88.6
Moravian 165
25.7
55.7
9.4
25.7
44.5
35.1
81.1
Odyssey
22.0
55.1
8.8
30.1
50.4
40.3
85.8
Synergy
25.0
53.9
7.9
28.5
49.1
38.8
88.1
Aveage 24.1 55.2 8.6 27.8
48.6
85.1
C.V.
5.1
1.7
8
13.3
15.7
6.7
LSD
2.0
1.5
1.1
6.10
N.S.
9.4
P-value
<0.001
<0.001
0.031
<0.001
0.367
<0.001
Bold = statistically equivalent to top performer(s).
Fisher's protected LSD not significant when CV% > 15 (YIELD only) and/or P-Value > 0.05
Table 4: Barley variety trial at Geraldine, MT.
CULTIVAR
YEAR OF
SOURCE
HEIGHT
TEST
PROTEIN
- - - - - - GRAIN YIELD - - - - - -
PLUMPS
RELEASE WT 2016 2018 Avg
(in)
(lb/bu)
--------------- (bu/ac) ---------------
%
AAC Connect
2016
Meridian
32.7
56.8
10.2
97.9
97.9
94.2
Accordine
28.3
56.9
9.8
96.9
96.9
84.4
Balster
-
-
32.7
55.8
10.8
93.6
93.6
77.7
Bill Coors 100
-
-
26.3
56.3
10.1
94.0
94.0
77.5
Bow
2014
CDC
35.7
57.3
11.0
82.1
82.1
93.2
Champion
2007
33.7
58.7
10.6
87.7
94.6
91.2
85.8
Conrad
2007
33.3
57.3
11.0
86.9
95.9
91.4
90.3
Copeland
-
-
35.7
56.1
11.5
85.6
85.6
75.6
Esma
28.0
56.9
9.8
105.1
105.1
89.1
Fraser
2015
CDC
33.0
56.1
10.3
99.8
99.8
84.8
Genie
-
-
29.7
57.4
10.1
95.7
95.7
78.6
Growler
-
-
32.3
56.3
10.6
94.0
94.0
80.7
Haxby
2003
MAES
33.7
59.0
10.4
79.3
101.5
90.4
88.4
Haybet
1989
MAES/USDA
38.0
56.7
12.4
58.1
62.9
60.5
54.3
Hays
2003
MAES
34.0
56.9
10.8
89.1
89.4
89.3
78.0
Hockett
2008
MAES
33.3
58.4
10.2
84.1
88.9
86.5
92.8
Lavina
1989
MAES/USDA
35.3
54.2
11.9
87.0
81.5
84.3
45.6
Merit 57
-
34.0
57.9
9.3
84.1
111.0
97.6
84.9
Metcalfe
-
Canada
34.0
57.7
10.9
79.1
92.4
85.8
87.1
Moravian 165
-
-
34.7
57.2
10.7
85.0
85.0
84.8
Odyssey
-
-
26.7
54.7
10.6
86.7
86.7
65.2
Synergy
-
-
34.3
56.8
10.6
92.5
92.5
93.6
Mean
32.80
57.00
10.5
80.30
93.0
82.7
CV%
3.90
2.30
9.4
8.10
11.2
12.8
LSD
2.10
2.20
N.S
14.20
17.1
17.3
P-Value
<0.0001
0.009
0.081
0.0030
<0.0001
Bold = statistically equivalent to top performer(s)
Fisher's protected LSD not significant when CV% > 15 (YIELD only) and/or P-Value > 0.05